2006年中国智力残疾儿童流行情况及致残原因调查

Investigation on prevalence and causes of children with mental disability in China.

【目的】了解中国智力残疾儿童的流行情况、残疾程度及致残原因。【方法】用分层、多阶段、整群、概率比例的抽样方法对全国31个省、自治区、直辖市的O～17岁616940名儿童进行了流行病学、残疾程度及致残原因方面的抽样调查。【结果】智残儿童现残率为o．9％，占全部残疾儿童的56．7％。0～5岁组智残率明显高于6～11岁组和12～17岁组，男童各年龄段智残率均高于女童，农村儿童智残率在各年龄段均高于城市。智残儿童中，重度残疾（一、二、三级）约占了一半（49．4％）；随年龄增长，重度智残所占比例逐渐增加。智残儿童前五大致残原因为脑疾病、遗传、产伤和新生儿窒息、惊厥性疾病、早产低体重和过期产。【结论】智残儿童的相关问题应引起政府和全社会更多关注，工作重点应放到农村。

[Objective] In order to know the prevalence rate, distribution condition, disability degree, and causes of children with mental disability in China. [Method] Utilized the methods of stratified, multi-phased and cluster probability sampling design, Sampled 616 940 children from 31 provinces, autonomous regions, and municipalities with questionnaire. [Results] The prevalence rate of mental disability among children of 0- 17 years old was 1.6 %, the proportion of children with mental disability was 56.7% among all children with disabilities. The prevalence rate was significant higher in 0-5 years old group than that in 6-11y or 12-17y old group, higher in boys than that in girls, in country children than that in city children. Among children with mental disability, the children with profound, severe, and moderate mental disability accounted for about a half （49.4 %）, and their proportion increased with age increasing. Top five causes of chil- dren with mental disability were brain diseases, inheritance, birth asphyxia, eclamptic diseases, premature delivery, low birth weight and postterm delivery. [Conclusion] The government should pay more attention to the problems about children with mental disability, especially in countryside.