铜陵地区支气管哮喘患者常见吸入变应原调查和特异性免疫治疗

The survey of the common inhaied allergen and specific immunotherapy in the patients with asthma in Tongling area of China

目的了解铜陵地区支气管哮喘患者常见吸入变应原,观察特异性免疫治疗的有效性和安全性。方法采用敏筛过敏原检测系统对2004年1月-2006年10月铜陵市人民医院158例支气管哮喘患者进行常见吸入变应原特异性IgE检测。选择检测阳性67例进行特异性免疫治疗(SIT)。结果158例支气管哮喘中119例变应原检测阳性,检出率为75.32%,最常见的变应原为户尘螨(69.75%)、屋尘(56.30%)。67例特异性免疫治疗中满12个月者,有效率84.91%,而对照组为53.85%,P=0.0005,结果差异有显著统计学意义。SIT疗程6个月、12个月及18个月以上的有效率分别为66.13%、83.02%、100%,经统计学处理差异有显著统计学意义(P<0.001)。67例进行SIT患者中,无大局部反应及全身性反应出现。结论铜陵地区支气管哮喘患者常见吸入变应原为户尘螨和屋尘,特异性免疫治疗安全、有效,疗程越长,其疗效越好。

Objective To storey the main allergens related to asthma in Tongling and observe validity and safety of specific immunotherapy. Methods Allergy screen system from Mediwiss Company was used to determine the sIgE of 158 cases in the patients with asthma in Tongling area from January 2004 to October 2006. Results Total positive rate was 75. 32% （119/158 cases）. The positive rate of the house dust mites was the highest （ 69. 75%）. The positive rates of house dust was 56. 30%. On of specific immunotherapy of 67 cases, the total therapy course was over 12 months, the effective rate was 84.91%,but the effective rate contrast with the group was 53.85%,P= 0.0005. the total therapy courses were 6, 12,18 months, the effective rates were 66.13%,83.02%,100%, P〈0.001. Conclusion The main allergen for asthma in Tongling are house dustmites and house dust. Specific immunotherapy were validity and safety.