论非物质文化遗产持有人权利保护的内容及其形式——当前立法焦点分析

The Substance and Form of the Protection of the Intangible Cultural Heritage Bearers' Interests and Rights——An Analysis of Its Legal Focuses

非物质文化遗产保护已经列入国务院法制办和全国人大的立法计划。从保护内容来看,设置持有人权利保护与否是立法专家与社会学者共同关注的一个焦点,该项内容的提出预示着非物质文化遗产保护的转向与调整。这个转向就是从原有的单一行政保护到重视法律保护,这个调整就是从强调传承保存到同时重视传统资源权益。从背景来看,持有人权利这一问题的提出应该是受到《生物多样性公约》和《文化多样性公约》精神的深刻影响。文章从三个层面回应这一问题,包括:问题提出、持有人权利内容、持有人权利形式,通过传统资源权视角分析非物质文化遗产持有人权利设置的必要性。

Intangible cultural heritage protection has been included in the legislative plan of the Office of Legislative Affairs and National People＇s Congress. However, to protect heritage bearers＇rights and interests or not is a hot topic among scholars and law experts, which suggests that intangible cultural heritage protection in China is shifting from administrative protection only to the stress on legal protection, from how to safeguard intangible cultural heritage only to the focus on the rights and interests of traditional resources also. The mention of the bearers＇ rights and interests reflects the spirit incorporated in Convention of Biological Diversity （CBD） and Convention on the Protection and Promotion of the Diversity of Cultural Expressions. This essay discusses the background of the shift, the substance and form of the bearers＇ rights and interests, claiming the necessity of considering intangible cultural heritage bearers＇ rights and interests.