国家政治与泉州回民的穆斯林认同

National Politics and Muslim Identification of the Huis in Quanzhou

泉州回民在中国回民的社会史上占有特殊的地位。与全国其他地方的回族不同,泉州回民的西亚穆斯林先人主要通过海路而来,其穆斯林认同在历史上的起伏与泉州作为中古时期的重要国际贸易口岸密切相关,同时也与理学在福建的高度发展有一定的关系;随着泉州港的式微,泉州回民渐渐地失去了原有的穆斯林认同。新中国成立之后的国家政治需要有少数民族的参与,泉州的地方历史文化资源引起了地方政府的重视,泉州的回民也因此进入了国家的认同政治过程。对泉州回族的历史过程和他们近年来的穆斯林认同建构运动的分析与讨论支持了这样的一个假设:如果没有政府的民族政策,中国的民族形貌将与人们今日之所见全然不同。

The Huis in Quanzhou occupies a special place in the history of Chinese Hui people. Different from the Huis in other places, the pioneers of the Huis in Quanzhou, i.e. , Muslims in the western Asia, came mainly through the sea. The up and downs of their Muslim identification was closely related to the key place of Quanzhou as an important international trade port in the middle ancient times and to the high development of idealist philosophy in Fujian. With the decline of Quanzhou port, the Huis there gradually lost their original Muslim identification. After the founding of the PRC, since national politics demanded for the participation of minority nationalities, local historical and cultural resources in Quanzhou drew the attention of local government and therefore, the Huis entered national identification politics. The analysis of and discussion about their historical process and their Muslim identification construction supports the hypothesis that without national policies, national features of China will be totally different from what we see today.