精神病患者家属对精神疾病知识健康教育需求的调查分析

A survey on needs for health education among relatives of psychiatric patients

目的了解精神病医院患者家属对精神疾病知识健康教育内容和形式的需求情况,为有针对性地开展健康教育提供理论依据。方法采用自行设计的《患者家属健康教育需求情况调查表》对265名在精神病专科医院就诊的门诊和住院患者家属进行调查。结果认为自己的精神卫生知识不足及希望接受健康教育的家属分别占89.1%和87.9%;家属最希望了解的精神疾病知识(前3位)分别是如何防止复发及复发的早期表现(57.4%),精神疾病的治疗手段与效果(39.2%),如何帮助患者适应社会(38.5%);最希望的健康教育形式(前3位)分别是派发相关知识小册子、传单(47.6%),专家在电台、电视上进行咨询或讲座(45.7%),定期或不定期的专家现场讲座(35.8%);最希望开展健康教育的地点为家中或居住社区内(44.9%),其次为就诊的门诊部(38.5%);最希望开展健康教育的时间依次为就诊日白天(34.0%),周末白天(33.2%)和工作日晚上(23.0%);最希望开展健康教育的频度为每月1次(37.4%),每周1次(28.7%)。结论精神病专科医院患者家属对健康教育需求高;他们最希望了解精神疾病知识主要是关于疾病症状稳定和患者康复的知识;对健康教育的形式主要追求便利性、易获得性和讲求实效。根据这些特点在这一群体中有针对性地开展精神疾病知识健康教育可收到较好的效果。

Objective To survey the needs for health education including its contents and patterns among relatives of psychiatric patients. Method Two hundred and sixty-five relatives of psychiatric in a specialized mental hospital were surveyed with a self-designed inventory on needs for health education. Results 89.1% and 87.9% of subjects claimed that their knowledge about mental health were insufficient and hoped to receive health education, respectively. The first three items of mental health knowledge needed hy patients＂ relatives were ＂how to prevent relapse and recognize its early signs＂ （57.4%）, ＂the therapeutic measures and their efficacy＂（39.2%）, and ＂how to assist patients to return to the society＂ （38.5%）; The first three kinds of health education patterns accepted mostly by patients＂ relatives were ＂to dispense pamphlet＂（47.6%）, ＂to give lecture and telephone counseling on TV or radio by experts＂（45.7%）, and ＂to give spot lecture and counseling by experts＂（35.8%）. The mostly accepted place by the subjects for health education were near home or at the outpatient department, and the most appropriate time and frequency thought by the subjects were daytime at the day of clinic appointment or at weekend, monthly or weekly, respectively. Conclusions Most relatives of psychiatric patients in specialized hospital need health education. What they want to know mostly is how to stabilize the diseases and help the patients to be rehabilitated thoroughly. And they hope for a more convenient and easily available pattern of health education. It is expected that health education would be more effective if we provide more specific health education to this population.