先秦的祝祷辞、嘏辞及贺辞

Some Languages at Sacrificial Rites in the Pre-Qin Period

祝辞本为祭祀活动中祝福求福之辞。先秦的祝辞主要有祈祷辞、嘏辞和贺辞等。祈祷辞是祭祀仪式上人对神的赞美和要求,常规祭祀所用的祈祷辞形成相对稳定的格式和套语。嘏辞是祭祀中神尸给主祭者的致福,由祝官来传达。嘏辞多用第二人称"尔",表示赐福给你。贺辞是人对人的祝福,本质上是嘏辞的世俗化。先秦时的这三种祝辞都沿用四言韵文的传统形式,虽然发生的典礼仪式和针对的对象各不相同,但内容与形式大体相似。

Languages at sacrificial rites in the pre -Qin period mainly included dictions tor praying, blessing and congratulating. The prayers were paeans to and wishes from the gods that had rather stable forms and idioms. The blessing language was good words from the gods that expressed by the intermediary person in sacrificial rites and often used the word ＂ 尔 （er, you）＂ Congratulating language was used between people and was essentially customized blessing words. These languages in the pre - Qin period were traditionally composed of four-syllable rhymed words. Although the rites and receivers were different, these languages are similar in content and style.