树突状细胞来源的exosomes研究进展

Research progress in dendritic cell-derived exosomes

Exosomes是多种活细胞晚期内体分泌的小囊泡体，不同来源的exosolnes其特异性功能与它所含的特异性蛋白质以及它所处的做环境密切相关。树突状细胞来源的exosomes（Dex）富含树突状细胞的MHC—I／II类分子、协同刺激分子等多种生物活性分子，在体内、外实验中显示出与树突状细胞相似的功能．可诱发机体免疫应答或诱导免疫耐受：作为一种新型的非细胞疫苗，exosomes在抗肿瘤免疫治疗以及抑制移柑{免疫排斥和自身免疫性疾病治疗等各方面的应用前景受到极大的关注。

Exosomes are small vesicles that form within late endocytic compartments by various cell types. Exosomes from different cellular origins have different properties which are functionally relevant to their distinct proteins derved from the producing cell and the microenvironment around. Dendritic cell-derived exosomes （Dex） which richly contain various bioactive molecules such as MHC-I/MHC-II and costimulatory molecules were shown to be able to induce immune response or immune tolerance in vivo and in vitro, which is similar to thai induced by the parent dendritic cells, The immunogenic potential of Dex as cell-free vaccines has been highlighted widespreadly these years, exceptionally for their immunostimulatory properties in anticancer immunotherapy and their potential tolerogenesis in reducing transplantation rejections and autoimmune diseases.