不同甘蓝型油菜高含油量种质资源的脂肪酸成分分析

The Fatty Acid Composition Analysis of Different Brassica napus with High Oil Content

甘蓝型油菜是我国最为重要的油料作物之一,目前我国面临着植物油严重不足的局面。提高含油量是目前甘蓝型油菜育种的主要方向之一。目前,我国育种工作者已经筛选出了大量含油量超过50%的甘蓝型油菜种质。本文对两种类型的高含油量甘蓝型油菜种质进行了脂肪酸组分分析,结果显示芥酸含量高的种质和芥酸含量低的种质的脂肪酸在菜籽油中变化范围和平均值明显不同。油酸和亚油酸在低芥酸高含油量甘蓝型油菜种质中的含量较高,约占整个油分的80%左右,其他脂肪酸组分则在10%以下;而芥酸则是高芥酸高含油量种质的最主要的成分,约占整个油分的44%左右,油酸、亚油酸等的含量则均在10%左右。相关性分析表明:芥酸和其他脂肪酸之间呈现显著负相关,因此,可以通过降低高芥酸油菜种质中的芥酸含量来提高比如油酸和亚油酸的含量,从而使这些种质的油分更适合人类的健康。

Brassica napus is one of the most important oil seed crops in China, and because of the serious shortage of plant oil, to improve the oil content of B. napus becomes one of the main directions of breeding. At present, plenty of B. napus with high oil content over 50% were selected out by breeders of China. This paper reported the fatty acid compositions of different types of B. napus with high oil content. The results showed that the changing range and average of fatty acid varied much in the high oil content germplasms with high and low erucic acid. Oleic acid and lenoleic acid was the main compositions of B. napus germplasm of high oil content with low erueic acid, accounting for 80% of the total oil, and other fatty acids was less than 10%. Erucic acid, which occupied 44% of the oil, was the main fatty acid ofB. napus with high oil content and high erucic, whereas oleic acid and lenoleic acid were about 10% of oil. Correlation analysis showed that the erucic acid has a significant negative correlation with other fatty acid, especially the oleic acid. So, the breeders could decrease the erucic acid to increase the olieic acid and lenoleic acid in order to improve the fatty acid compositions of those germplasm with high oil content.