3世纪罗马帝国政治体制的变革

To Discuss Roman Constitutional Changes In The Third-century

公元3世纪是罗马帝国的一个重要阶段,在这一阶段帝国的政治体制完成了从元首制向君主制的转型。虽然两者都属奠立在军队之上的个人统治,但它们之间有很大差异。元首和君主的权力来源以及权力的行使不同:元首的权力来自人民,其权力是有限的和隐蔽的,而君主的权力来自神,其权力是绝对的和赤裸裸的;在元首制时期,元老院是不可或缺的权力机构,而在君主制时期,元老院成为名存实亡的政治化石;在元首制时期,平民是不可忽视的群体,而在君主制时期,平民的地位微不足道。

The third century in Roman Empire was an important stage, during which constitutional changes took place from Principate to Dominate . Although both were individual rules based on army, but they were very different. Princeps and monarch were different in the origin of power and the exercise of power： Princeps＇ power came from the people, its power was limited and covert,but the monarch＇s power came from God, its power was absolute and naked ; In Principate, the Senate played an important role in the political life, but in Dominate, the Senate had become a political fossils existing in name only; In Principate, the plebs can not be ignored, but in Dominate, the status of the plebs were insignificant.