土地所有权观念与近代爱尔兰土地改革

The Concept of Land Ownership and Modern Ireland Agrarian Reforms

近代爱尔兰土地所有权观念经历了三个阶段:身份所有权阶段、自然财产权阶段和双重所有权阶段。观念变迁的背后牵涉三股主要力量的博弈:英格兰地主、英格兰资本家和爱尔兰佃农。虽然英格兰地主和资本家处于对立的状态,但是双方的矛盾又从属于英格兰和爱尔兰之间的矛盾。由于爱尔兰佃农不断地斗争,也由于资产阶级渴望资本化经营爱尔兰土地,英国政府实行了数次土地改革。正是因为政府改革的根本目的仅仅是以更加资本化的方式剥削爱尔兰佃农,所以改革总是处于被动状态,并最终失败。

The concepts of Land Ownership Ownership, Natural rights Ownership in modern Ireland had three phases, namely Qualification and Dual Ownership. The change was linked with the three main powers, namely England Landlord, England Capitalist and Ireland tenant. The conflict between England and Ireland was main conflict, compared with the conflict of England Landlord and England Capitalist. The government went on reforms to eliminate disturbance in the whole Ireland and make England Landlord agricultural capitalist. The reforms were failing because the goal of government reforms was to exploit Ireland tenant in capitalistic ways.