当代俄语句法结构中的分析化现象

Phenomena of Analytism in Modern Russian Syntactic Structures

众所周知，词汇是语言内部层面中最易受外部因素影响而发生变化且活动相对最为频繁的层面，与之相比，句法则是较少受外界因素影响而且变化幅度小、速度缓慢的一个语言层面。但同时它又是一个特殊的层面，一方面，许多词汇意义的变化和发展都需要通过句法结构一词组、句子、篇章来得以体现；另一方面，与同属语法层面的词法相比，句法更具多样性和灵活性。 俄语是典型的综合型语言。然而自上世纪中叶在现代俄语语法中就开始出现分析化现象，到上世纪末呈现出加强的趋势，并且这种分析化趋势进而成为形成当今俄语句法变化的最主要内容之一。

As we all know, among all linguistic inner layers,lexicon is most easily influenced by outer factors, and consequently it often undergoes changes. Compared with lexicon, syntax is less influenced by outer factors, and it changes in smaller scope and at lower speed. At the same time, syntax is special for at least two reasons. First, the realization of many changes of lexical meanings cannot be without syntactic structures--phrases, sentences and texts. Second,compared with another grammatical layer--morphology,syntax is more flexible and various. Russian is a typical synthetic language. From the middle of last century, analytism was found in modem Russian, and till the end of last century it was enforced. More importantly,the tendency of analytism becomes one of the main factors which lead to the changes in modem Russian syntax.