从表征到操作：科学的实践转向

From Representation to Performativity:Practical Turn of Science

科学知识社会学把社会结构、社会利益、人类技能等都视为科学的组成部份,并且分析了这些要素与科学之间极具建设性意义的结合和作用。围绕单一的"社会利益"形成全方位地说明科学,其最终的理论结果是用"社会实在论"取代"自然实在论",落得个实在论"两极相通",成为后实证科学哲学批判的靶子。表征主义的科学观是科学的社会建构理论的问题和困境产生的基础。摆脱困境的出路在于走向操作语言的科学实践观。

Social constructivism of science emphasizes the social structure,social interest and human ability as the constitutive part of science and analyses the constructive combination between these factors and science.However,that treating'social interest'as the key role to organize and account all aspects of science produces the result which makes'social realism'replace'nature realism'and go to the opposite of what it criticizes.Representivism of science is the basis that makes social constructivism of science stand in dilemma.Replacing the representation with performativity and going from science as knowledge and representation to science as practice and culture are ways out of such dilemma.