抗战时期上海的“煤荒”研究

The"Coal Crisis"in Shanghai from 1940 to 1945

1940年,抗日战争导致长江下游交通受阻,煤炭来源不畅,奸商乘势囤积,引发上海英法租界的"煤荒"。工部局联合煤炭同业公会出售平价煤,缓解"煤炭恐慌"。1941年12月太平洋战争爆发后,日军接管租界,实行煤炭配给制,煤炭资源日益稀缺。英法租界工部局和日本当局采取各种手段消除"煤荒",但由于战争造成的南北交通阻隔以及社会上投机煤炭的行为,"煤荒"问题至抗战结束始终没有解决。

At the beginning of 1940,the coal supply in Shanghai went into short,due to the frequent block of its source and the profiteering activities.It finally turned into a huge'coal crisis'.Instead of controlling the market price of coal,the Shanghai Municipal Council cooperated with the Coal Guild to relieve the residents by offering them coals at fair prices.When the Pacific War broke out in 1941,the Japanese troops entered the Public Concession and took the council under their jurisdiction.In order to support the war,the Japanese launched a strict policy of controlled economy and carried out a coal rationing system.The rationing system led firms to lower profits,which caused a great internal conflict over the profits among the coal wholesalers and retailers.Due to the persisting existence of the black market,the Japanese failed to truly take the coal price under control.Until the end of the Sino-Japanese War in 1945,the coal price kept soaring.