我国农村厕所及粪便利用现状

Investigation of Latrines Improvement and Excreta Utilization in Rural Areas,China

目的了解我国农村改厕和粪便处理情况,为制定改厕策略提供基础性资料。方法于2006年,采用随机抽样的方法在全国31个省、市、自治区和新疆建设兵团项目村抽取调查点,对农户家庭厕所采取询问和现场观察的方式进行问卷调查,数据资料使用SAS8.2统计软件进行分析。结果全国农村卫生厕所普及率为23.83%,东部地区卫生厕所普及率明显高于其他地区;卫生厕所类型主要以三格式卫生厕所为主,沼气池式和双瓮式卫生厕所为辅;卫生厕所入户率为40.72%;有84.34%的家庭使用粪肥,其中,在使用非卫生厕所的家庭中,有90.04%的家庭使用粪肥。结论目前我国农村卫生厕所普及率、入户率较低,使用非卫生厕所的家庭利用粪肥比例较高。

Objective To know the status of latrines improvement and excreta utilizing as manure in the rural areas of China and to provide basic information for development of rural health strategy. Methods Random sampling method was used and by questionnaires in 31 provinces to investigate the status of latrines improvement and excreta utilizing as manure in the rural areas. SAS 8.2 statistical analysis software was used to analyze the data. Results The coverage rate of sanitary latrines in the rural area was 23.83%, and the coverage rate of sanitary latrines in the eastern region was significantly higher than that in other regions. The main type of sanitary latrines was three-compartment tank latrines, the others were biogas-producing latrines and double urn funnel-pan latrines. The coverage rate of sanitary latrines in home was 40.72%. The rate of excreta utilizing as manure was 84.34% and it was 90.04% in the households without sanitary latrine. Conclusion The coverage rate of sanitary latrines is still low in the rural areas of China and the rate of excreta utilizing as manure is higher in the households without sanitary latrine.