国际援助项目农村水厂运行现状调查

Investigation of Rural Water Plants Constructed with International Support Projects in China

目的了解国际援助项目所建农村水厂运行现状,探讨农村水厂设计规模和设计参数选择对水厂运行状况的影响。方法于2006年9月—2007年9月,按照地区代表性原则选择新疆、甘肃、内蒙古、云南、贵州、湖北、浙江、辽宁8个省(区)的国际援助项目农村水厂,采用现场调查、问卷调查、资料回顾等方式对水厂设计和现状供水规模、供水率、受益人口、水厂改扩建和报废情况、运行年限进行调查和分析。结果共调查8个省55个县的1808座农村水厂。供水规模在20～<200m3/d的小型水厂最多,占50%以上。报废水厂125座,报废率为6.91%,其中,供水规模20～<200m3/d的小型水厂70座。水厂平均供水率为72.71%,其中,东部地区(浙江和辽宁)超过100%(119.65%和109.22%),中部地区(湖北)为61.80%,西部地区(新疆、甘肃、内蒙古、云南和贵州)为65.69%(61.10%,84.89%,68.31%,77.72%和36.41%)。运行年限不足15a水厂的平均供水率<70%,运行年限在15a及以上的水厂平均供水率超过100%。现状受益人口与设计受益人口的比值随水厂运行年限的增加而升高。调查水厂现状人均综合用水量是设计的101.73%,其中,云南、浙江和辽宁的水厂现状与设计人均综合用水量之比超过100%,新疆、甘肃、内蒙和湖北基本达到设计人均综合用水量,贵州现状人均综合用水量为设计水平的70.24%。结论社会经济发展程度对农村水厂供水率和人均综合用水量变化率有较大影响,提示农村水厂的规划设计应当在因地制宜的前提下提倡适度规模建设,以符合我国农村地区社会经济的发展需求。

Objective To understand the effect of the size and design parameters on the running of rural water. Methods From September 2006 to September 2007, 1 808 typical rural water plants constructed with the international support projects were selected in 55 counties, in Xinjiang, Gansu, Inner Mongolia, Yunnan, Guizhou, Hubei, Zhejiang and Liaoning. The field survey, questionnaires and data review were used in the present investigation, including the design parameters, size, water supply rate, beneficiary population, water plants innovation and extension and service life. Results The water plants of 20 to 200 m^3/d accounted for over 50%; 125 water plants were out of use （6.91%）, among them 70 were 20 to 200 m^3/d, the average water supply rate was 72.71%, the rate in the east region （Zhejiang and Liaoning） exceeded 100%（119.65% and 109.22% respectively）, in the central region （Hubei） it was 61.80%, and in the western region （Xinjiang, Gansu, Inner Mongolia, Yunnan and Guizhou） it was 65.69%（61.10%, 84.89%, 68.31%, 77.72% and 36.41% respectively）. The ratio of real to designed beneficiary population increased with the increase of service time. The current integrated water consumption of the investigated water plants was 101.73% of the design capacity. Conclusion The degree of social and economic development may present a great effect on the water supply rate and per capita integrated water consumption, so the rural water plants with appropriate size should be advocated in the planning and designing process in China.