广西农村饮用水与环境卫生现状调查

Drinking Water Quality in Rural Areas in Guangxi Province,China

目的了解广西农村饮用水卫生、改厕和粪便处理以及农村生活垃圾、污水治理等现状,为制定和实施广西农村爱国卫生相关规划和策略提供依据。方法于2006年7—12月,按照《中国农村饮用水与环境卫生现状调查方案》规定的内容和方法进行调查。于2006年丰水期(8月),进行水样的采集、保存、检验和评价。结果本次共调查23个县、241个村、2414户、11393723人。广西农村集中式和分散式供水人口分别占31.66%和68.34%;以地面水、地下水为饮用水源的人口分别占22.22%和77.78%。共采集水样241件,水质合格率为21.58%。以地面水、地下水为水源的水质合格率分别为32.76%和18.03%,集中式和分散式供水水质合格率分别为24.06%和18.52%,国债与非国债项目供水工程水质合格率分别为21.67%和26.04%。除细菌总数(62.24%)和总大肠菌群(29.88%)外,色度等15个指标合格率均在90%以上,其中,总硬度、砷、硫酸盐、臭和味合格率为100%。农村使用卫生厕所户数占43.79%,使用非卫生厕所户数占50.95%,无厕户占5.26%。非卫生厕所粪便无害化处理率仅占13.74%。241个村月产各种垃圾41833.43t,生活性垃圾占37.07%,生产性垃圾占62.93%。生活垃圾处理率为45.57%,生产性垃圾处理率为80.17%。241个村月产各种污水1440180.88t,生活性污水占69.41%,生产性污水占30.59%。生活性污水均为未处理,生产性污水处理率为1.59%。结论广西农村饮用水卫生和环境卫生状况亟待改善。

Objective To know the drinking water quality,latrine improvement and fecal,domestic garbage, sewage treatment in the rural areas in Guangxi Province. Methods The survey was carried out according to ＂National Scheme on Current Situation of Rural Drinking Water and Sanitation＂ from July to December, 2006. The water samples were collected in rain season （August 2006）. 2 414 houses were investigated in 241 administrative villages of 23 counties. Results In the rural population, 31.66% was served by central supply, 68.34% was served by non-central supply in Guangxi Province. 22.22% of the people used surface water and 77.78% used ground water. The eligible rate of water quality was 21.58%. As for surface water, the eligible rate was 32.76%, as for ground water, it was 18.03%. As for central water supply, the eligible rate was 24.06%, as for non-central water supply, it was 18.52%. The eligible rate of total count of bacteria and total coliform was only 62.24% and 29.88% respectively. The sanitary latrine rate was only 43.79%. The treatment rate of domestic garbage was 45.57%, industrial garbage was 80.17%. No domestic sewage was treated, the treatment rate of production wastewater was very low （only 1.59%）. Conclusion The drinking water quality and sanitation in the rural areas in Guangxi Province should be improved as early as possible.