天津和沈阳地区末梢水中贾第鞭毛虫和隐孢子虫调查

Investigation of Giardia lamblia and Crytosporidium parvum in Drinking Water in Tianjin and Shenyang

目的了解天津市、沈阳市居民生活饮用水贾第鞭毛虫和隐孢子虫的污染情况,为确保饮用水水质卫生、安全供水提供科学依据。方法应用GB/T5750.12—2006《生活饮用水标准检验方法微生物指标》标准检测方法中Filta-Max Xpress快速方法,对灭菌水、蒸馏水、菌落总数超标的桶装饮用水三组加标水样进行加标回收率的测定,并对三组数据进行统计学分析。于2008年7月至8月采集天津市、沈阳市7家水厂、9家公共场所共21件出厂水、末梢水水样,对水样进行抽滤、淘洗、磁分离、染色鉴定的处理,检测贾第鞭毛虫和隐孢子虫虫卵的含量。结果三组水样贾第鞭毛虫的平均加标回收率为(37.2±6.1)%,(41.6±5.1)%,(44.4±4.6)%,隐孢子虫的加标回收率为(11.4±3.4)%,(11.8±2.6)%,(17±6.4)%,三组加标水样两种虫卵的回收率的相对标准差均符合GB/T5750.12—2006中<25%的要求。经多因素方差分析,三组加标水样的加标回收率差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。所有被检单位的出厂水或末梢水均未检出两虫虫卵。结论污染水样中的微生物因素并不影响两虫加标回收率检测结果;采用Filta-Max Xpress快速方法检测贾第鞭毛虫优于用该法对隐孢子虫的检测;两地水厂、公共场所的出厂水或末梢水均无贾第鞭毛虫和隐孢子虫检出,但对原水仍要加强检测。

Objective To know the contamination of Crytosporidium parvum（C, parvum） and Giardia lamblia （G. lamblia） in drinking water in Tianjin and Shenyang and to provide the scientific data for producing drinking water. Methods Twenty-one samples from 7 water plants and 9 public houses were collected.G, lamblia and C parvum in the sterilized water, distilled water and barreled water were determined with Filta-Max Xpress rapid method, filtering, washing, magnetic isolation and staining were involved. The data were analyzed with factorial analysis of variance. Results No C. parvum and G. lamblia were detected in water samples. The recoveries of C. parvum were 37.2%±6.1%, 41.6%±5.1%, 44.4%±4.6% and those of C. parvum were 11.4%±3.4%, 11.8%±2.6%, 17%±6.4%, respectively. The RSD of all groups was less than 25% and accorded with the standard. Results showed that there was not any significant difference between three groups （P〉0.05）. Conclusion The standard test methods are more effective in detecting G. lamblia than C. parvum. No G. lamblia and C. parvum contamination has been found in drinking water in the Tianjin and Shenyang.