可竞争市场理论综述

Review on the Theory of Perfectly Contestable Market

可竞争市场理论认为"打了就跑"的进入能促使可竞争市场产生社会合意的市场绩效。即使寡占和自然垄断市场,可竞争性也能保证没有超额利润、没有低效厂商、没有交叉补贴、边际成本定价(寡占市场)和拉姆塞(Ramsey)定价(自然垄断)。可竞争市场是完全竞争市场的一般化,可以替代完全竞争衡量市场绩效。可竞争市场的政府规制完全没有必要,可竞争市场理论是二十世纪八十年代初美国等发达国家放松规制的理论依据。

Hit-and-run entry can compel the contestable market to socially desirable performance in the theory of perfectly contestable market. Even in oligopoly and natural monopoly market, contestability can ensure without profits above normal level, without inefficient firms, without cross subsidy, marginal pricing in oligopoly market and Ramsey pricing in natural monopoly market. The theory of perfectly contestable market generalizes the theory of perfectly competitive market, which can substitute perfect competition as performance benchmark. It is not necessary to regulate in contestable market, which is base for deregulation in developed countries such as U.S. at the beginning of 1980s.