杂交早稻米质性状的直接和母体遗传效应分析

Direct and Maternal Genetic Effects on Grain Quality Characters in Early Hybrid Rice

用包括基因型×环境互作效应的种子性状遗传模型对杂交早稻的7个品质性状进行了遗传研究。结果表明，7个品质性状都受到种子直接遗传效应和母体效应的控制。其中，糙米率、精米率、粒长和碱消值的遗传变异主要归因于母体加性效应和直接加性效应，前3个性状以母体加性效应为主，碱消值则以直接加性效应占优势。这4个性状的直接加性和母体加性效应之间还有显著的负向遗传协方差。垩白等级主要受母体加性效应控制，直接显性效应也有影响。粒宽和长宽比的变异主要归因于直接加性×环境和母体加性×环境互作效应，以后者为主，此外还有显著的直接显性效应。遗传效应预测值的结果表明，恢复系湖大242为改良杂交早稻品质的较好亲本。

Genetic studies were conducted for seven grain quality characters using genetic models with genotypeXenvironment interactions for seed traits in early hybrid rice. The results indicated that the seven characters werecontrolled by seed direct genetic effects and maternal effects simultaneously. The genetic variations of the percentage of brown rice, milled rice recovery, grain length and alkali digestion value(ADV) were mainly attributable tomaternal additive and direct additive effects, with maternal additive effects predominating for the former three characters, and direct additive effects for ADV. Significant negative genetic covariances between direct additive and maternal additive effects were also detected for these four traits. Chalkiness score was mainly governed by maternal additive effects, but direct dominant effects also operated. The genetic variations of grain width and length/width ratiowere mainly assigned to maternal additive × environment and direct additive ×environment effects, with maternal additive ×environment effects predominating, and direct dominant effects also existed. Predicted values of genetic effects indicated that the restorer line Huda 242 appeared to be more useful for the improvement of grain qualities ofearly hybrid rice.