地方政府土地市场行为的经济学分析

Economic Analysis on Local Governments' Behaviors in Land Market

当前,城市非理性扩张、房价不断攀升、土地市场秩序混乱等问题日益凸显,这离不开地方政府的土地市场行为。文章重点分析了地方政府的土地征购、出让定价、实物地租转嫁以及协议出让等行为,指出中央——地方的财政竞争以及地区之间的平行竞争是其深层次的制度根源,而中国土地制度的产权缺陷决定地方政府对土地市场的"事实垄断"为其提供了现实基础。因此,规避地方政府行为对经济的不利影响,必须明确地方政府土地市场的监管职能,深化土地市场改革,充分发挥市场机制的基础性作用。

At present, non-rational urban expansion, housing prices rising, land market disorder and other problems have become increasingly prominent, which cannot be separated from local government behaviors in land market. This paper analyzes the local govenmlent＇s behaviors such as land acquisition, transfer pricing, in-kind rent pass through and rent with agreement, noticing that the fiscal competition between central-local and parallel competitions among regions are the deeply institutional roots. The property rights defects of China＇s land system decide the local governments ＂monopoly in fact＂ of the land market, which provides a realistic basis. Therefore, to avoid adverse impacts from the local government acts on the economy, the supervise functions of local governments of the land market must be cleared; land market reforms should be deepened and give full play to the market mechanism as the basis role.