都江堰地区灾后儿童疾病谱分析及防治对策

Spectrum and prevention of disease in children in Dujiangyan after earthquake

目的:通过分析都江堰地区地震灾后儿童疾病谱的特点,为制定有效的地震灾后防病措施提供依据。方法:整理了3900例就诊儿童的患病资料,进行疾病分类、统计、描述。结果:各年龄组就诊人数由多到少依次为婴儿组(1287例,构成比为33.0%);幼儿组(1143例,构成比为29.3%);学龄前期组(746例,构成比为19.1%);学龄期组(698例,构成比为17.9%);新生儿组(26例,构成比为0.7%)。性别比例方面显示各年龄组均为男性患儿高于女性患儿,总体患儿男女比例为1.12∶1。新生儿组前三位疾病顺位及构成比依次为新生儿黄疸(32.1%)、新生儿脓疱疹(30.0%)、新生儿肺炎(18.7%),其他各年龄组前三位疾病均为过敏性皮疹、上呼吸道感染、腹泻,但各组疾病顺位及构成比有差别。3900例患儿各系统疾病构成比中,呼吸系统疾病占首位(33.1%),此后依次为皮肤病(28.6%)、消化系统疾病(21.2%)、中毒及意外损伤(6.2%)、泌尿系统疾病(3.2%)、传染病(1.9%)、血液系统(1.6%)、循环系统(1.1%)、神经系统(0.7%)等。结论:都江堰地区儿童患病呈多样性,但呼吸系统、皮肤病、消化系统疾病占优势,应针对疾病谱特点实施防治方案。

Objective To analysis the characteristics of disease spectrum in children in Dujiangyan after earthquake, and to provide the basis for drawing up an effective measures on preventing diseases. Methods The data of 3 900 children were classified and statistically analyzed. Results There were 1 287 cases in infant group （33.0%）, 1 143 in child group （29.3%）, 746 in pre-school children group （19.1%）, 698 in school-age children group （17.9%）, and 26 in newborn group （0.7%）. There were more boys than girls in each group （1.12：1）. The top three diseases in the newborn group were neonatal hyperbilirubinemia （32.1% ）, neonatal pustulosis （0.0%）, and neonatal pneumonia （18.7%）, in the other groups were allergic eruption, acute upper respiratory infection, and diarrhea. Among the 3 900 children, the incidence of respiratory disease was 33.1%, skin disease was 28.6%, digestive system disease was 21.2%, toxicity and accidental injury was 6.2%, urinary system disease was 3.2%, infectious disease was 1.9 %, blood system disease was 1.6%, circulatory system disease was 1.1%, and nervous system disease was 0.7%. Conclusions There is a variety of diseases in children in Dujiangyan after earthquake, especially the respiratory disease, skin disease, and digestive disease. It is required to take preventive and remedial measures according to the characteristics of the disease spectrum.