《水浒传》的“夜化”叙事形态及其文化意蕴

The Narrative Style of"Actions in the Night"and Its Cultural Implication in Heroes of the Marshes

《水浒传》的"夜化"叙事大致可分为传奇性的"夜行"、"夜走"、"夜闹"、"夜战"等形态。"夜行"叙事突出了各位英雄好汉孤身只影行走于荒郊旷野或偏僻地带的"虎胆";"夜走"叙事渲染了英雄失路和仓皇逃逸的悲情;"夜闹"叙事展现了"月黑杀人夜,风高放火天"的壮观;"夜战"叙事搬弄出惊心动魄的刀光剑影、战火阴霾。在传统农耕社会,人们每提及"昼伏夜出"、"夜聚晓散"等"夜间"活动,就容易产生"妖淫谋逆"等作奸犯科的"滋事"联想,因而《水浒传》的各种形态的"夜化"叙事包涵着挑战伦理秩序的寓意,特别有利于英雄好汉的"壮心"打造。同时,《水浒传》所叙之"夜"多集中在"秋夕"、"冬夜"等寒夜,符合传统社会"沙场秋点兵"的战争规律,尤其是那些发生于元宵、中秋等节日的"夜闹"故事,有利于渲染英雄悲情。

There are several kinds of ＂actions in the night＂ narrations in Heroes of the Marshes such as ＂night - walking＂, ＂night - going＂, ＂night - raiding＂, and ＂night - fighting＂. Various heroes who walked alone in the remote or wilderness areas in the night have been described as brave as a tiger by ＂night- walking＂. The narration of ＂night - going＂ exaggerates enormously the heroes＇ sentimentalization of losing the way and fleeing in panic. The narration of ＂night - raiding＂ reveals the spectacularity of ＂murdering in the deep night, setting fire in the heavy wind weather＂ and the soul - stirring battle stories with flashing blades have been described in ＂night- fighting＂. When mentioned the people＇s actions ＂hiding by day and coming out at night＂ and ＂gathering in the night and scattering in the day＂ in the traditional fanning community, the persons associated with acting criminally in thinking easily, so the narration about ＂actions in the night＂ in Heroes of the Marshes gives a challenge to the traditional ethics order. Moreover, most actions of ＂the night＂ in this novel were in cold nights such as in autumn and winter nights which are consistent with the traditional wars happened in autumn.