传统与变迁:近代冀中定县手工业经营方式的多元化

Tradition and Transformation:Diverse Handicraft Businesses in Dingxian in the Modern Period

冀中定县农村手工业的经营方式,为中国近代手工业生产的变化提供了重要例证。其中绝大多数是以全部自家劳动或以自家劳动为主兼雇临时工的家庭手工业,也有少量农家合作经营的家庭手工业、走街串巷式的流动手工业和商人雇主制的家庭手工业,还有手工作坊经营;在社会分工方面,既保留了传统方式,也产生了进步因素,反映了一个特定历史时期手工业生产横向的多元并存和纵向的进步演化。值得注意的是,农民最重要的手工业——土布业所采取的经营方式仍是传统的家庭制,没有采取高阳等织布区的商人雇主制,这是颇为费解的经济现象。

Some important examples for the change of China modern handicraft businesses could be founded in Dingxian, Hebei, most of which were cottage crafts home laborer - based, and a few based on farm cooperative or itinerant workmen, businessman employers and handicraft workshop. Those not only retained the traditional manner, but also had progress factors on the social division of labors which reflected handicraft production of multi - lateral co - exists latitudinally and the progress of evolution longitudinally in a particular historical period. It is worth notice that the local textile industry as the most important handicraft business was still adopted the traditional family system rather than adopting the merchant employer system in Gaoyang and other textile areas, which the economic phenomena is quite difficult to understand.