知识分子“下乡”与近代中国乡村变革的困境——对20世纪30年代县政建设实验的解析

The Intellectuals'"Going to the Countryside"and the Revolutionary Predicament in Modern China Countryside—An Analysis on the Experiment of County Government Building in 1930s

辛亥革命后,中国乡村社会日益落后的现状与知识分子的理想形成了一个巨大的落差,一部分知识分子带着重建乡村社会的理想"下乡",并在20世纪30年代与国家政权改革县政的政治追求相结合,形成了一股县政建设的潮流。这些知识分子通过"民族文化的重构"、"科学的西化"和"国家权力向下渗透"等方式对乡村进行改造,却又因近代以来国家政权的长期不合理而导致的乡村社会转型内驱动力缺乏的困境,最终又无可奈何地离开了乡村。

There was a huge gap between the intellectuals＇ ideal and the backward situation in China rural areas after Xinhai Revolution, so some intellectuals went to the countryside with an ideal to reconstruct the rural society which combined with the political reformation of the counties in 1930s. These intellectuals tried to make reformations in the rural areas by some ways, such as ＂reconstruction of the national culture＂, ＂sciential westernization＂, and ＂infiltration of state power down＂, but they fell into trouble because of the long - term unreasonable state power leading to the transformation of rural society in lack of driviug force, at last, they had no alternative but to leave the countryside.