立法促进大学知识产业化的作用透视——发达国家的实践与经验借鉴

Study on Promoting the Development of Knowledge Industrialization by Legislation:Practices,Successful Experience in Developed Countries and its Enlightenments

20世纪80年代以来,国际高等教育政策发生了显著变化,高等教育学术性得到加强的同时市场化程度加快、知识产业化凸显,大学正成为产业科技创新的合作伙伴,在经济发展中发挥着越来越重要的作用。大学知识产业化一方面是大学自身发展的要求,同时也是国家政策驱力所致。产业化过程中各国都采取了相应的立法或政策措施鼓励大学科研走出象牙塔,与产业密切结合。美国政府通过科技立法制定灵活的创新政策激励大学知识产业化;英国政府积极推动多元化的产学合作政策方案,建立产学间交流渠道,鼓励大学成为地方经济发展的动力;日本政府一贯致力于产学合作各项法律制度的完善,为产学合作发展建立良好的法制环境。发达国家制定的促进大学知识产业化的相关立法取得了良好绩效,为我国大学知识产业化专门立法提供可资借鉴的经验。

The international policies on higher education have changed strikingly since 1980s.Marketalization and knowledge industrialization of higher education have come into being while universities' academic research being strengthened.In the new century,universities have been becoming the parteners of industries in technology innovation,playing a more important role in industrial development.Knowledge industrialization in universities are driven by both universities' self-development and national policies.In this course,many countries have carried out such measures as legislation or policies to make university research come out of the Ivory Tower and collaborate with industries.Through technical and scientific laws,American government has made flexible innovational policies so as to form a good and comfortable atmosphere for knowledge industrialization in universities.The UK government has carried out series of initiatives to propel the cooperation between universities and industries:building up the interchange channels between universities and industries and encouraging universities to make contribution to local economic development.Japanese government has devoted itself to make sound law environment for university-industry cooperation.America,the United Kingdom and Japan all have made related laws and have already made great achievements so far.All of those experience will give us some suggestions on how to set up laws on knowledge industrialization in China.