黑土区常见树种水分生理适应性及抗旱特性

Water Adaptability and Drought-resistance of Common Tree Species in Typical Black Soil Region

以黑土区常见的红皮云杉(Picea koraiensis)、水曲柳(Fraxinus mandshurica)、樟子松(Pinus sylvess-tris)、春榆(Ulmus japonica)、长白落叶松(Larix olgesis)、钻天柳(Chosenia arbutifolia)、银中杨(Populus alba×Populusberolinensis)、小黑杨(Populus×xiaohei)8个树种的2年生实生苗木为研究对象,通过净光合速率、蒸腾速率、叶水势、水分饱和亏缺、叶保水能力等水分生理指标的测定与分析,研究了8个树种在苗期水分利用效率状况及变化规律。结果表明:樟子松、长白落叶松、小黑杨具有较高的水分利用效率,水分调节能力较强;樟子松的叶水势最低,为-0.47 MPa,叶片的保水能力也最强;水分饱和亏缺最小的是钻天柳,为14.4%,最大的是银中杨,为39.7%。利用模糊数学隶属函数对所选树种进行了综合判定、排序,8个树种苗木水分适应性由强到弱依次为:银中杨、小黑杨、春榆、水曲柳、钻天柳、长白落叶松、樟子松、云杉。

An experiment was conducted to study water use efficiency of 2-year-old seedlings of eight common tree species （Picea koraiensis , Fraxinus mandshurica , Pinus sylvestris vat. mongolica , Ulmus japonica, Larix olgensis , Chosenia arbutifolia, Populus alba×Populus berolinensis , Populus xiaohei） in Keshan Farm, Heilongjiang Province. Net photosynthetic rate, transpiration rate, leaf water potential, water saturation deficit and leaf water holding capacity were measured and analysed. Results showed that P.sylvestris var. mongolica, L. olgensis and P. xiaohei had higher water use efficiency, and they also had stronger water-adjustment capacity. The leaf water potential of P. sylvestris vat. mongolica was -0.47 MPa, with the highest leaf water holding capacity. The water saturation deficit of C. arbutifolia was the lowest（14.4%）, and that of P.alba×P. berolinensis was the highest（39.7%）. Water adaptability of the eight species of seedlings showed P.alba×P. berolinensis 〉 P. xiaohei 〉 U. japonica 〉 F. mandshurica 〉 C. arbutifolia 〉 L. olgertsis 〉 P. sylvestris vat. mongolica 〉 P. koraiensis by the subordinate function value method of fuzzy mathematical theory.