从认识基因到改造基因——论“基因靶向技术”的科学意义和方法论启示

From cognition to alteration of gene——gene targeting's scientific significance and revelation of methodology

基因靶向技术是建立在胚胎干细胞和同源重组技术之上,对基因组进行定位修饰的一种实验方法,在转基因动物的遗传性状修饰中起到了巨大的作用。本文从人类认识基因到改造基因的历史线索出发,揭示了基因缺陷所带来的科学问题,并介绍了由其引发的修复和改造基因的科学研究。此外,总结了基因靶向技术所建立起来的全新的生物实验模型对于基因修复和改造所带来的划时代的意义,并对基因靶向技术研究过程的科学意义和方法论启示进行了初步的探索。

Gene targeting is a genetic technique that uses homologous recombination to change an endogenous gene. The method can be used to delete a gene, remove exons,and introduce point mutations. This paper introduced the history of gene researching, the effect of applying gene targeting in genic repair-deficiency and estabilishing animal model of human disease. This technique makes great sense to the scientific research, and it also has some revelation of methodology in this area.