广东省湛江市某高校大学生预防艾滋病健康教育效果评价

Effectiveness assessment of AIDS prevention health education among college students in Zhanjiang City,Guangdong Province

目的结合2007年世界艾滋病日开展大型健康教育活动,提高大学生预防艾滋病认知水平,并评价预防艾滋病健康教育活动效果。方法采用整群随机抽样方法,分别在健康教育前后抽取大学一年级学生447名和637名进行调查。结果健康教育后大学生预防艾滋病知识知晓率改善明显,艾滋病总知识知晓率从86.8%提高到91.0%,差别具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。对艾滋病非传播途径"蚊子叮咬"及"共用浴缸、游泳池"答对率分别从71.6%和67.8%提高到80.8%和74.7%,对性病患者和同性恋患者感染艾滋病病毒的危险性认知,健康教育前后认知率分别从63.5%和73.4%提高到71.9%和84.9%,差别均具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。行为态度方面改善有限,且差别均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。健康教育后,有88.4%的学生对艾滋病病人持同情、理解态度,只有22.5%学生支持对艾滋病病毒感染者做好保密工作,愿意与艾滋病病人一同工作、学习的只有57.9%。有97.5%的学生认为有必要开展预防艾滋病健康教育,却只有72.8%的学生愿意向其他人宣传预防艾滋病知识。除电视、报刊杂志、网络等新闻媒体外,他们希望通过讲座/会议和医生/护士等途径获取更多的相关知识。结论本次大型预防艾滋病健康教育活动效果明显,大学生预防艾滋病知识有一定幅度提高,但需要进一步做好相关态度转化。

Objective To assess the effectiveness of AIDS prevention health education series of The World AIDS Day. Methods 447 first-year college students were investigated on knowledge, attitudes, and practice （KAP） of AIDS prevention before health education activities, and 637 first-year college students were investigated after health education activities. Results The KAP of the students showed a significant improvement. The total knowledge rate had increased from 86. 8% to 91.0% （P 〈0. 05）. The correct answer rates of the two questions ＂AIDS can not be transmitted by mosquito bites＂ and ＂using pool/bathtub in common can not infect AIDS＂ were promoted from 71.6% to 80. 8% and from 67.8% to 74. 7% respectively. The awareness rates of the risk of STDs and homosexual activities infecting AIDS were promoted from 63.5% to 71.9% and from 73.4% to 84.9% respectively （ P 〈 0. 05 ）. There was no significant difference in attitudes and behaviors before and after health education （ P 〉 0. 05 ）. 88.4% of the students empathized and understood AIDS infectors better after health education, but only 22. 5% of the students supported that the confidentiality of AIDS patients should be taken care of. 57.9% of the students agreed to work and study with AIDS infectors together. 97. 5% of the students considered that health education was necessary, but only 72. 8% of them would like to disseminate the AIDS knowledge to others. Besides TV, newspapers and internet, they hoped to get more AIDS information from academic lectures/meetings and doctors/nurses. Conclusion Health education series were effective, and the AIDS awareness of college sdudents had risen in some degrees, but the knowledge should be further converted into attitudes and behaviors.