中国本土企业出口竞争力研究

Study on the Export Competetiveness of China's Native Enterprise

本文考察了我国本土企业的出口竞争力情况。文章沿袭杨汝岱、姚洋(2008)的研究,构建了一个指标测量HS六位数分类5038种贸易商品的技术含量,并由此量化计算全国及每个省每年总的出口竞争力和本土企业的出口竞争力。整体而言,我国本土企业的出口竞争力显著提升。基于1993～2005年的全国样本和东部地区、中西部地区子样本面板数据的实证研究表明,外资企业、加工贸易通过经济开发区等政策性区域,产生显著的外溢效应,促进了相关本土企业的发展。但是,其在东部地区对产业和出口的带动作用已经明显低于中西部地区。因此,应当从政策上合理引导外资与加工贸易向中西部地区转移,使之发挥更大的作用,进一步提高本土企业竞争力,促进区域经济平衡发展。

Based on the empirical analysis of the technological distribution and the regional disparity of China's export-oriented economy,this article probes into the export competetiveness of the native enterprises. Following the study of Yang and Yao (2008),an index which measures the technology content of the 5038 HS6-digit trade commodities is built in order to quantify the competetiveness of each province as well as the whole country,and then,the native enterprises. As a whole,the competetiveness of native enterprises is going up constantly. According to the further study based on the panel data,it is demonstrated that foreign enterprises and processing trade have promoted the competetiveness of relevant native enterprises through economic development zones,however,their effects on industries and exports of the east region has been weaker than on the middle and the west regions. Thus,it is suggested that greater improvement will be achieved if foreign investment and processing trade are appropriately channeled into the middle and the west regions so that competetiveness of the native enterprises will be further enhanced and a more balance development among regions will be achieved.