单叶省藤生态生物学特性及栽培技术的研究

Research on the Bio ecological Characteristics and Cultivation Techniques for Calamus simplicifolius

系统地论述了单叶省藤的生态生物学特性、壮苗培育、造林技术以及人工藤林经济效益的评价。研究结果表明：单叶省藤的天然分布仅见于海南岛东部及南部海拔３００～１１００ｍ的原始林和次生林中，但人工栽培已扩大到广东、广西和福建等省（区）的南部地区，其最适栽培区的气候条件是：年均温＞２２℃，年降雨量＞１５００ｍｍ，≥１５℃年积温＞７０００℃，最冷月均温＞１４℃，干旱月数少，几乎全年无霜冻；要求土层较深厚、肥沃和较湿润的土壤条件；采种处理后的种子可沙床播种催芽，亦可将种子置于低温高湿条件贮藏至翌年３月播种，湿砂层积催芽，安全可靠、发芽整齐、费用低廉，为生产上育苗的最佳催芽方法；适宜的光照、供水和施肥将促进单叶省藤苗高、叶数和叶面积的增长，提高苗木光合作用能力，加速各器官生物量的积累；人工造林宜用营养杯苗实行林藤间种，种植密度为１２００～１５００丛／ｈｍ２，丛植３～４株，石梓、火力楠、木麻黄、马尾松等是实施间种的较佳上层树种；在２５年经营期内，藤茎总产量１１３４９．０ｋｇ／ｈｍ２，净收入４２９３９．８６元／ｈｍ２，内部收益率２１．２％，收益成本比２．１３，投资收回期１０．３ａ，经营藤林具较强的抗风险能力。

This paper deals with the distribution of natural resource and bio ecological characteristics,cultivation techniques including the increase of supper seedlings of Calamus simplicifolius and the analysis of economic benefit of its plantations. The research results showed that although the species is only distributed in primary and secondary forests in the eastern and southern parts of Hainan Island at altitudes ranging from 300 to 1 100 m,the plantations can be expanded to the southern parts of Guangdong,Guangxi and Fujian Provinces. The regions with an annual mean temperature >22℃,annual rainfall >1 500 mm,15℃ active accumulated temperature >7 000℃,the coldest month temperature >14℃,short dry season,no frost,and thick,moist and fertile soils are the most suitable areas for the cultivation of C. simplicifolius. Seeds should be extracted and cleaned immediately after collection. The normal nursery practice is to sow the cleaned seeds in sand beds in the shade. The seeds stored in humid sand until March of next year still hve a high germination rate. Adequate sunlight,water and fertilizer applications are very important for enhancing the growth of seedlings. The containerized seedlings of C. simplicifolius should be intercropped in the forests of Gmelina chinensi,Michelia macclurei,Casuarina equisetifolia, and Pinus massoniana with planting densities of 1 200～1 500 clumps/hm 2. Group planting with 3～4 seedlings per clump is considered to be suitable for the species. It is estimated that within a management period of 25 years,the total yield may possibly reach 11 349 kg/hm 2 with net worth ≥$42 939/hm 2, IRR ≥21.2%, B/C ≥2.13,and investment recovry period≤10.3 years. It is shown that to invest the plantation of C. simplicifolius are vigorous capable of resistant to risk in economics.