重组痘苗病毒载体研究进展

Progress on Recombinant Vaccinia virus Vector

通过同源重组将外源基因插入到痘苗病毒基因组内,以痘苗病毒为载体使外源基因在动物细胞内表达以获得目的蛋白,从而达到免疫接种的目的。痘苗病毒有宿主范围广、允许插入外源基因片段长、可通过多种途径进行接种、能诱导体液和细胞免疫反应及易于增殖生产等优点,在疫苗研制中得到了广泛的应用。以痘苗病毒作为载体表达狂犬病病毒糖蛋白研制成的狂犬病疫苗已经在野生动物狂犬病控制中发挥了巨大的作用,用痘苗病毒研制的艾滋病病毒疫苗也已经进入了临床试验。

Foreign gene fragment can be inserted into vaccinia virus genome, by homologous recombination, and the virus vector enables the foreign gene to be expressed in mammalian cells. Since the recombiant vaccinia virus has the advantages of wide host rage, permission for large amounts of foreign DNA to be inserted （at least 25 kb） and ease of manufacture and administration, vaccinia virus has become a popular expression vector. Rcombinant vaccinia rabies vaccine has play an important part in eliminating rabies in Western Europe and, more recently, in the United States, and some recombinant HIV vaccines are currently in clinical trials.