自然灾害影响下的明蒙关系

On the Influence of the Nature Disasters upon the Relation between Ming Dynasty and Mongolia

在明朝与蒙古封建主长期对峙的过程中,北方地区的风雪、冰雹、干旱、虫蝗等自然灾害对双方都有重大影响。草原地区游牧经济的脆弱性和不稳定性,决定了它抵御自然灾害的能力有限。一旦遭受自然灾害,必然要依赖内地经济的援助。蒙古封建主迫于生计,或南下掠夺,或主动要求与明互市,使明与蒙古的关系时而呈现出剑拔弩张的紧张局面,时而又出现缓和的重大转机。对明朝而言,自然灾害既是明边防御中的不利因素,又是羁縻蒙古的有利因素。

The natural disasters which betided northern region, for instance, wind and snow, hailstone, drought, grasshopper etc, had produced important impacts on Ming Dynasty and Mongolia in the course of their long-termed confrontations with each other. In that time, Mongolian＇s ability for resisting disasters was very limited because of its nomadic economic fragility and instability. When they met with disasters, they must depend on backland economic aid. By force of living, Mongolian feud Aries either went into the region that the Ming dynasty ruled to rob, or initiatively required to trade with Ming Dynasty. So the relation between Ming Dynasty and Mongolia sometimes was at swords＇ points, sometimes appeared assuasive turn. To Ming Dynasty, nature disasters were disadvantage factor ,but as for appeasing Mongolia, nature disasters were the advantage thev could use.