成都市三圈7个乡镇和社区卫生服务机构抗感染药物合理用药调查--三圈7院六站预调查报告之五

An Investigation of Common Diseases and Rational Drug Use in Rural Hospitals and Community Health Service Centers in Chengdu

目的通过预调查了解成都市部分基层医疗卫生服务机构(三圈七院六站)主要疾病排名和合理应用抗感染药物情况,为进一步全面调查和循证遴选成都市基层基本药物目录和促进抗感染药物合理用药提供证据。方法随机抽样调查成都市7个乡院/中心和卫生站的门诊和住院病人常见疾病,通过问卷调查了解基层医院常见疾病(前三位)的用药情况,同时统计成都市5个乡镇卫生院2006年度门诊及住院病人抗感染用药情况,包括种类、品种数、金额和使用频度。结果本次预调查的城乡基层医疗卫生服务机构的就诊疾病构成存在差异,社区卫生服务中心/站前三位疾病为糖尿病、高血压、慢性阻塞性肺炎和呼吸道感染;乡镇卫生院/站前三位疾病主要为呼吸系统、消化系统和泌尿系统感染疾病。基层医院常见疾病(前三位)用药习惯调查显示,对感染性疾病主要以抗感染药物辅以对症药物治疗。常见疾病(前三位)用药习惯品种与相关疾病指南推荐的治疗药物比较,结果提示医生按习惯处方开药情况明显。抗感染药物使用情况分析显示,农村乡院用药品种40～58种,抗感染用药金额占药品金额的30%～50%。金额排前4位的抗感染药物主要为头孢类、青霉素类、喹诺酮类和大环内酯类。日均费用最高的药品是头孢类抗感染药物。结论城乡主要疾病负担存在差异,建议结合疾病负担制定适合基层诊疗情况的疾病标准诊疗指南,明确用药指征,规范基层医生用药。完善药品遴选机制,针对主要疾病负担遴选基层医疗机构常用药品。通过比较多种药品的日均费用和一个疗程的费用遴选同类药品中成本效果较好的品种,控制药品费用。加强对抗感染药物使用的培训和扩大耐药菌监测网络,提高治疗效果。

Objective To investigate the spectrum of diseases and the current situation of antibiotic use in rural hospitals and community health service centers in Chengdu, so as to provide evidence for selecting essential medicines and promoting rational use of antibiotics. Method We selected 7 township/community health institutions, from which we collected inpatient and outpatient information. Information about antibiotic use was also collected, including categories, cost, and dosage. A standard questionnaire was used to investigate physicians＇ prescription behavior for principal diseases. Result Urban and rural areas had different spectrums of diseases. The major diseases in urban areas included diabetes mellitus, hypertension, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and respiratory tract infection; while those in rural areas were infectious diseases of the respiratory system, digestive system, and urinary system. The physicians＇ prescription behavior was mainly based on their personal experience. Antibiotics accounted for 30-50% of the total medicine cost. The top four types of antibiotics with the highest cost were cephalosporins, penicillin, quinolones, and macrolides. Conclusion Based on the different spectrums of diseases, essential drug lists and standard treatment guidelines appropriate for rural health care should be developed to improve the rational use of drugs. Factors such as the average cost of daily dose and the course of treatment should be taken into consideration to reduce the overall cost of medicine. An antimicrobial resistance monitoring system and special training courses on rational use of antibiotics should be utilized in the rural health institutions.