从《齐民要术》看中古时期的农业词语

The Mid-ancient Agricultural Words Used in Essentials of People's Livelihood

农业词语是中古汉语词汇系统的重要组成部分。《齐民要术》的农业词语中,源自先秦的词语在绝对数量、使用频率、词义可理解程度等方面都超过了六朝新兴的词语。多数农业词语局限在历代农书中,只有少数农业词语能够进入一般词汇系统。表示作物品种或农业产品的词语比较容易成为一般词语,表示生产工具、生产过程的词语很难演变为一般词语。

Agricultural words are an important part of mid-ancient Chinese vocabulary system. Among those agricultural words in Essentials of People ＇ s Livelihood, the words originated from the pre-Qin period exceeded the new words in six dynasties in terms of absolute number and the use frequency as well as in lexical comprehensibility. Most of the agricultural words were restricted in the agricultural works of different dynasties, only a few words entered the general vocabulary system. Words describing the agrarian crops and products could easily become the general words, while words describing the production tools and processes were difficult to become the general words.