元代安徽地区的书院

On the Academies in the Anhui Areas in the Yuan Dynasty

元朝政府文教政策的调整,各处地方官的积极推动,南宋遗民儒士、理学家、普通民众等社会各阶层人士及宗族等社会组织的积极参与,上述各方力量所形成的合力,促成了元代安徽地区书院的恢复和发展。按所在地分,元代安徽境内的书院主要分布于中南部地区;北部地区特别是淮河流域一带,书院创建较少。按创建年代分,元代中后期安徽境内新建书院较多,也有不少前代所建而在元代得以留存的书院,经过修复被重新利用。按创建主体分,元代安徽境内的书院,绝大多数为民办,官办相对较少。由于元朝政府对书院控制的加强,元代安徽地区书院的官学化趋势日趋严重。

The cultural and educational policy adjustments made by Yuan feudal power of its own accord, the government officials＇ taking charge of actively, adherents of a former dynasty ＆ rationalistic Confucian philosophical scholars ＆ average persons ＆ clans＇ taking part in had brought about the resurgence and development of the academies in the Anhui areas in the Yuan Dynasty. The academies were distributed mainly over the central and southern Anhui areas, distributed few over the northern Anhui areas （especially the Huaihe River valley） in the Yuan Dynasty. A great quantity of academies in the Anhui areas had been set up during the Mid-late Yuan Dynasty, and many academies handed down from the former dynasty were repaired and used. The academies set up by the nongovernmental forces constituted the majority, and which set up by the government constituted the minority. Owing to the strict control made by the Yuan government, bureaucratic style of work was in vogue day by day in some academies of the Anhui areas.