清初士子的“明哲保身”论——以朱彝尊为中心

The Official Scholars' "Worldly Wisdom" in the Early Qing Dynasty——Based on ZHU Yi-zun

清朝康熙时期文字狱盛行,部分清初士子为避时祸,纷纷采取"明哲保身"的修身哲学,朱彝尊即是其中之一。"明哲保身"本来是一种劝人导善,积极入世的修身方式,但在王朝更替、社会动荡的时代背景下,士人学者却将之转化为消极苟安的处世态度。"明哲保身"涵义的变迁可以折射出满清文化统制政策对于士子学人的治学倾向及意识形态转变所产生的重大影响。

Some scholars of the Early Qing Dynasty adopted the life philosophy and value idea of ＂Excessively prudent and avoiding error＂ in order to avoid the cultural oppression of the Qing Dynasty. ZHU Yizun was one of them. The spirit of this philosophy originated from the WANG Yang-ming＇s idea of Conscience which was a method to make people become good and optimistic to life. But under the turbulent so- cial background, the scholars transformed this philosophy to the negative attitude. From this transformation, we can see that the cultural oppression influenced the scholars＇ mind and learning trend largely.