论公平正义的观念和现实

On the Concept and Practice of Fairness and Justice

公平正义观念永存于每个人心中,关系到人的精神满足和幸福。追求公平正义的理想是人类社会发展进步的强大动力。公平正义应该是政治追求的首要价值,这是相对于政治的其他价值比较而言的,也是相对于真理是思想体系的首要价值、美是艺术的首要价值而言的。公平正义要以一定的社会物质条件为基础,不能超越经济结构和文化发展。社会政治状况和人们的政治地位的改变作用于人们的政治立场和见解,能够改变人们对于公平正义的思维逻辑。由于现实的复杂性,在立法活动中,公平正义的基础往往不容易把握。法律不可能对所有的公平正义问题都立法,立法也不可能解决所有的问题。应该避免两种倾向:一是片面的政治原则论或效率优先论,认为政治可以超越法律、效率可以超越公平;二是法治万能论,认为有了健全的法律一切问题都迎刃而解。

Fairness and justice are always dwelling in everyone＇s heart, concerning about their spiritual satisfaction and happiness. Pursuit for fairness and justice remains a strong power of development and progress in human society. Compared with other values, truth the superior value in ideological system, and beauty the core value in arts, it is the top priority among political values. Fairness and justice have to take social material conditions as its basis, hardly surpassing economic structure and cultural development. Political state of society and political position of man can change man＇s political stand and opinions, as well as the attitude toward logics of fairness and justice. Due to complexity in practice, it is hard to judge the justice of faimess in law making. And legislation is not available to all issue and their solution. Therefore, we should avoid two tendencies ： partial principle of politics or efficiency priority theory, i.e. politics can go beyond laws, efficiency beyond fairness; law omnipotence, that is, sound laws can fix everything .