论劳动力流动背景下人力资本对三农的反哺

Feed of Human Capital on "Three Agricultural Problems" in Background of Labor Flow

现阶段农村劳动力流动的特点是:流出高素质劳动力和农村中较为富裕的人口,而低素质的农村劳动力和贫困人口留在农村和农业中,从而形成了农村劳动力数量丰富而人力资本缺乏的现象。农村中存在由人力资本缺乏造成的贫困恶性循环,打破这种循环的路径是加大对农村的人力资本投资。长期以来,农业的低收入是同其低的人力资本存量相适应的。如果等量人力资本在农村得不到等量收益,投入的人力资本就不会留在农村。因此,对农民进行人力资本投资,不能只是解决投入问题,还要解决人力资本的收益问题。只有在增加农业收入的基础上,才能留住和吸引具有较高人力资本的农民,对农民的人力资本投资才能在农业和农村产生效益。

There are the following features in rural labor flow at present stage: the labor with high quality and the comparatively rich in the rural area flow out while the labor with low quality and the poor stay in the rural area and agriculture, therefore, the rural area is rich in labor amount but is short of human capital. The shortage of human capital in the rural causes the ill circulation of poverty, whereas the way to break this circulation is to introduce more human capital in the rural. Since the long run, the low income in agriculture adapts to the low stock of human capital. If human capital of like quantity cannot obtain profit of like quantity, the human capital input will not stay in the rural. Thus, human capital investment for the peasants is not only a problem of input, but also a profit problem of human capital. Only on the basis of increasing the agriculture income can the peasants with high human capital be retained and absorbed, and the benefit in agriculture and rural production be produced for the peasants' human capital investment.