清人词学视野中的宋词经典

Classics of "Songci" in Perspective of Qing Dynasty's "Ci" Study

宋词经典作为历史性的审美存在,是一代代读者选择的结果。根据清代词选、点评及唱和等传播接受宋词的有关资料数据,对清人选择和认同的宋词经典名篇进行定量分析,可以更客观、科学地揭示文学作品影响力的嬗变轨迹。数据统计结果显示,苏轼《念奴娇.赤壁怀古》、李清照《声声慢》、姜夔《暗香》、《疏影》等,是清人最喜爱的经典名篇。清人既传承了部分前代的宋词经典,也建构了一些新的宋词经典。清人对宋词经典的择汰,彰显出经典的两大特征:经典名篇的影响力是起伏不定的,变异性大于恒定性;经典既有鲜明的时代性,也具有突破时代文化环境局限的超越性。

The classics of 'songci', as the historic existence, is chosen by readers of generation after generation. Based on the related data in the spread and accept of 'songci' in the collections, comments and responsory in Qing Dynasty, an quantitative analysis on the 'songci' classics chosen and identified by those in Qing Dynasty can more objectively and scientifically reveal the change track of the influence of the literary works. According to the statistics, Niannujiao by Su Shi, Shengshengman by Li Qingzhao, Anxiang and Shuying by Jiang Kui are the favorite classic masterpieces in Qing Dynasty. Qing Dynasty inherited part of former 'songci' classics and constructed some new 'songci' classics. The choice and elimination of 'songci' classics in Qing Dynasty reveals two striking features of classics: the influence of the classic masterpieces is fluctuant, and diversity is larger than invariance; classics is obsessed with the feature of time as well as the transcendence breaking through the restriction of the cultural environment of the time.