国粹与国学——评章太炎的学术思想与方法

QUINTESSENCE AND STUDIES OF CHINESE CULTURE On Zhang Taiyan's Academic Thinking and Method

中国近世的革命家和学者章太炎是国粹学派的重要人物,又是第一位具有重大影响的国学大师。他是从固有的学术观念来保存国粹,提倡国学的。他以为国学的内容即是儒术和读经,治国学的方法主要是通过小学而研究经学。他所理解的经学是中国学术史上的古文经学派的经学,其治学目的和途径是遵循古文经学派的道路。由于受国粹派保守思想的影响和古文经学派门户之见的局限,章太炎在有关国学论著里表现出复古的倾向。他不是以求真的态度来对待新资料和新学科的,由于好奇和恶新使其治国学的道路陷于困境与歧途,为我们现在研究国学留下深刻的教训。

Zhang Taiyan, a revolutionist and a scholar of modem China, is both an important man in the school of national culture quintessnce, and an influential master of Chinese culture. He preserved national culture quintessence and advocated Chinese Learning by an inherent academic perspective. He thought that what was studied as Chinese culture was Confucianism and classics, and the approach to Chinese culture was the study of classics through philosophical pursuit. His understanding of classics study was that of the classical Chinese prose in the academic history of China, and his aim and approach of study was to follow the school of classical Chinese classics. Due to the influence of the conservatism of national culture school and the limit of sectarianism on the classical Chinese confucianism, a trend of returning to the ancient was found in Zhang Taiyan＇s works of culture study. He didn＇t treat new files and new subjects with an attitude of pursuing truth. Curiosity and anti-newness caused him to get into trouble and go astray in the process of pursuing the studies of Chinese culture, which gives us a lesson in this regard.