东北西部碱水水域对虾生存和生长与K^＋，Ca^2＋，Mg^2＋，Na^＋／K^＋及M／D的关系

Correlation between Survival and Growth of Prawn and K^+,Ca^(2+),Mg^(2+),Na^+/K^+ and M/D in Alkaline Waters in the West Part of Northeast China

利用盐碱化湖泊和池塘水进行凡纳滨对虾(Litopenaeus vannamei)淡化幼虾的生长试验,研究对虾生存和生长与水环境K+,Ca2+,Mg2+,Na+/K+及M/D(离子系数)的相关性,为内陆碱水水域养殖提供科学依据。结果表明,在碱度为10.32～38.50mmol/L,盐度1.02～3.34,pH8.5～9.5的试验水环境下,幼虾存活率差异极显著(P<0.01),体重特定生长率(SGRW)无显著性差异(P>0.05)。存活率和SGRW值与水环境因子间的相关性存在因子间的互作效应,其简单相关系数都受到其他因子组合的负效应影响。存活率与K+,Ca2+,Mg2+质量浓度和Na+/K+及M/D的相关性不显著;SGRW值与Ca2+,Mg2+质量浓度和Na+/K+及M/D显著相关,与K+质量浓度的相关性很小(P>0.05)。投施KCl,CaCl2及MgCl2,可以改善内陆碱水水域K+,Ca2+,Mg2+,Na+/K+及M/D的组成结构,有利于对虾生存与生长。

In order to research the techniques of prawn culture in alkaline waters, it＇s needed to study the relativity between the survival and growth of prawn and the mass concentration of K^＋, Ca^2＋ and Mg^2＋, Na^＋/K^＋ and M/D ratio （ionic coefficient） in alkaline water environment, by means of growth test of Litopenaeus vannamei with the water of saline-alkali lake and pond. The results showed： in the waters with alkalinity of 10.32-38.50 mmol/L, salinity of 1.02-3.34 and pH of 8.5-9.5, the survival rate of juvenile shrimps at different waters was significantly different from each other （ P 〈 0.01）, and the specific growth rate （SGRW） was not significantly different （ P 〉 0.05 ）. The ratios of simple relationship between the survival rate and SGRW and 5 kinds of environment factors were all effected by significantly negative effects of the other factors suites. The relativity between the survival rate and 5 kinds of environment factors was not significantly different （ P 〉 0.05 ）. The relativity between SGRW and the mass concentrations of Ca^2＋ and Mg^2＋, Na^＋/K^＋ and M/D ratio was closely related （ P 〈 0.05 ）, and the relativity between SGRW and the mass concentration of K^＋ was not significantly different （ P 〉 0.05 ）. In alkaline water environment, using KCl, CaCl2 and MgCl2 can improve the composition of the mass concentration of K^＋, Ca^2＋ and Mg^2＋, Na^＋/K^＋ and M/D ratio, and help survival and growth of prawn.