电石法PVC／ABS合金的结构与性能

Structure and performance of calcium carbide process PVC/ABS alloy

采用锥形双螺杆挤出机制备了电石法聚氯乙烯(PVC)/丙烯腈-丁二烯-苯乙烯三元共聚物(ABS)合金通过转矩流变仪、扫描电子显微镜研究了ABS含量对PVC/ABS合金流变行为、结构及力学性能的影响。结果表明:ABS能够促进PVC/ABS共混物的塑化,使共混物的平衡扭矩略有增加;ABS以颗粒状分散在PVC中,呈现典型的"海-岛"结构,分散相粒径较小,随着ABS含量增加,ABS相区平均尺寸略有增加;PVC/ABS合金的韧性大幅提高,当ABS用量为13 phr时,合金的缺口冲击强度从纯PVC的5.06kJ/m^2增至93.19kJ/m^2。

The authors prepared a kind of polymer alloy featuring super-toughness from calcium carbide process polyvinyl chloride （PVC） and acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene terpolymer （ABS） by means of cone-shaped twin- screw extruder. The effect of ABS content on rheological behaviour, structure and mechanical properties of the alloy was studied by scanning electron microscope （SEM） and torque rheometer. The resuhs indicate that the introduction of ABS can promote plasticization of the alloy and lead to a slight increase in its balanced torque. The ABS resin in the shape of ＂particle＂ with a relative smaller size is dispersed in the PVC matrix, forming a typical＂sea-island＂structure. As the ABS content rises, the average size of the ABS phase increases to a certain extent while the toughness of the alloy enhances significantly. The notched Izod impact strength of the alloy augments from 5.06 kJ/m^2 of the pure PVC to 93.19 kJ/m^2 when the ABS content reaches 13 phr.