传统性善论与社会监督机制的缺失

现代社会治理是一个全球性的问题,也是一个国家甚至人类共同体长治久安的根本所在。气候变化问题、美国次贷危机问题、三聚氰胺问题、贪污腐败问题、学生弑师问题等,都可以归之为现代社会治理问题。随着中国社会经济的快速转型,各种矛盾、冲突和社会问题的日益凸显,现代社会治理开始迎来前所未有的巨大挑战,目前,中国社会已经到了重新思考社会治理之道的转折点。治理之道不仅影响中国社会的和平崛起,而且影响到其持续稳定和发展强盛。这就需要各方面专家学者群策群力,挖掘和整合多方面思想文化资源加以应对。应友人邀请,我最近到北京同中国自然辩证法研究会有关专家举办了题为"中国传统智慧与现代社会治理"小型研讨会。与会者认为,要思考和探索治理之道,中国传统智慧中有着丰富的资源可以汲取和借鉴。如法家主张用严刑峻法加以制约,筑起高高的法律堤坝,将利益驱动引发的欲望洪流限制在法定的河道里。儒家认为,只有通过弘扬人的天生善性,培育起区分善恶的廉耻心,才能建立起内在的行为自我约束机制,保证社会的稳定和有序。道家以回归自然、清静无为、知足不争、无知无欲的观念来消解世人的名利欲望,想用釜底抽薪的方式抑制贪竞之风。但是,中国古代人性善、德治主义、人治主义、官员崇拜的传统影响了社会监督机制的建立。所以,对中国社会的现代治理不能简单地依靠"翻炒"老祖宗的思想资源,必须根据现代社会治理的新语境、新格局重新认识中国传统知识资源,并对其进行创造性转换,让中国传统智慧在现代社会治理系统的顶层设计中发挥启示性作用。下面是由各位专家发言所整理的一组笔谈文章,希望它们能为学术界同人进一步探讨这一问题提供一定的参考。

Chairman's words:Modern social administration is a global problem,which is closely related with the long stability of a country.With the changes of China's society,various contradictions,conflictions and so on are more and more.Now China has reached a turning point to rethink the social administration,which not only affects China's rising but also its steady and sustainable development,so it needs specialists to have their brains in exploring and integrating cultural resources.I was invited to a conference titled 'China's Traditional Wisdom and Modern Social Administration' where thoughts from the Confucian School and Legalists School were discussed in an active way.In fact,we can't copy all in the past,because China's society has changed a lot.We must rethink our traditional wisdom according to new context,new pattern of modern social administration and then give it with modernity so as to let China's traditional wisdom have a full play in present China.The following words are from specialists.