分析与评价谬误的新方法——以沃尔顿对“针对人身”论证的研究为范例

New Approach of Analyzing and Evaluating Fallacies——Taking Walton' study of Ad Hominem argument as an example

从传统的标签—描述方法向非形式逻辑分析与评价谬误的新方法的转变,突出表现在对"谬误"所代表的合理论证型式的挖掘,并将其置于批判性问题的审查之下;以古典意义上的辩证法为基本框架,揭示了论证型式在不同对话类型中向谬误转化的条件;从修辞学视角探查了实践智慧或实践推理与诸如品格论证等的密切关系。

The turning from the traditional descriptive approach of fallacies to the analytical and evaluative approach of fallacies in the light of informal logic is mainly embodied as follows： the exploration of reasonable argumentation schemes represented by ＂fallacy＂ and the examination of them under critical questions ; the revelation of the transforming conditions of argumentative schemes into fallacies under different types of dialogue framed in dialectics in its classical sense; the examination of the close relation between practical wisdom or practical reasoning with arguments like argument of ethos from the perspective of rhetoric.