云南省贫困县小儿牙齿发育和乳牙龋病分析

An analysis of dental development and caries of deciduous teeth of children in 4 poverty counties of Yunnan province

目的了解云南省4个贫困县儿童牙齿萌出和乳牙龋病发病情况及影响因素。方法2007年对云南省4个贫困县60月龄以下儿童乳牙萌出时间及龋患情况进行调查，并对资料作以分析。结果①男、女童乳牙萌出时间比较无显著性差异（P〉0．05）；②小儿乳牙萌出存在地区间差异，香格里拉县儿童乳牙萌出时间较晚（12月龄时有7．3％的小儿仍未出牙）；③儿童乳牙萌出存在民族间差异，藏族儿童乳牙一般萌出、最早、最晚、出齐20颗牙齿均较晚（一般萌出时间为6～7月龄者12．9％，最早萌出4～5月龄时为0，最晚萌出12月龄时为90．7％，出齐20颗牙齿者到24月龄时为43．0％）；④儿童乳牙萌出者无论体重还是身长的平均值均大于未萌出者，乳牙龋患率随年龄增加而上升，男、女童之间各年龄组经多重比较无显著性差异（P〉0．05）。结论①儿童牙齿的萌出时间与辅食添加的种类有关，婴儿按时添加谷类、蛋类、水果类、蔬菜类食物是对牙齿萌出的保护因素。粗纤维对咀嚼功能有刺激作用，促进颌骨和牙弓的发育，有利于牙齿的萌出；②乳牙龋患率已由以往的城市高于农村转变为农村高于城市；③建立良好的口腔保健服务网是防龋的工作重点。

Objective To investigate dental development and prevalence of caries of deciduous teeth of children in 4 poverty counties of Yunnan province and influcing factors. Methods Under natural sun light, the skilled MCH personnel inspected the children. Statistical methods included curve estimation, linear regression, dichotomic clssification logic regression analysis, two-two comparison for multiple sample rates. Feeding pattern was determined according to the WHO＇ s definition, and the investigation subjects were those infants and young children aged under 2 years. Results （1） In deciduous tooth eruption time, there was no significant difference between the male infant group and the female infant group （ P 〉 0.05 ） ; （2）Regional difference in deciduous tooth eruption time ： deciduous tooth eruption time of infants in Shangrila county was later （at 12 months of age , deciduous tooth of 7.3% of infants was still not erupted）; （3） Nationality difference in deciduous tooth eruption time： the general deciduous tooth eruption time （6 - 7months of age, only 12.9% ）, the most early deciduous tooth eruption time （4 -5 months of age, 0）, the latest deciduous tooth eruption time （ at 12 months of age： only 90.7% ）, complete 20 decoduous teeth eruption time （ at 24 months of age ： only 43.0% ） of Tibetan infants were later; （4） Mean value of either body weight or body hight of those infants whose deciduous teeth had been erupted was greater than that of those infants whose deciduous tooth had not been erupted. The morbidity rate of caries was increased with increase of age of the infant and there were not significant differences between boys and girls in each age groups as compared with multiple comparison （ all P 〉 0.05 ）. Conclusion （1）The deciduous tooth eruption time is related to kind of supplementary foods. At time adding cereals, eggs, fruits, vegetables for the baby is a protecting factor for eruption of deciduous tooth. The crude fibers can stimulate chew function of the baby, promote growths and developments of jaw bone and dental arch, thus they are benificial for eruption of deciduous tooth ; （2） The morbidity rate of caries of deciduous tooth is versed from formerly higher in urban infants than that in rural infants to present higher in rural infants than in urban infants ; （3） Establishing a good oral health service network is the key work in prevention of caries.