哲学方法论之“方法通论”

General Method Theory of Methodology of Philosophy

方法总是对有目标的自觉的活动而言的,是事先想到的"达到目标的间接途径",其实质是把需要方法的活动化为不需要方法的活动。方法的最高境界是由方法进入无方法的化境。"借助于已知的处理类型"与"借助于分析综合"是方法的两个相互联系的基本要点或两种基本类型。方法的有效性取决于方法与最终目标连续。方法的可行性一取决于方法与现状连续,二取决于方法自身的各环节连续。如果有不只一种有效可行的方法,那么方法的优劣一取决于付出的多少或大小,二取决于副作用的多少或大小,三取决于附带的好处的多少或大小。

A method is always perceived relative to a self-conscious activity with an objective and it is an indirect path to attain the objective. Its essence lies in that an activity needing the method is translated into one not needing the method. The highest realm of the method is the translated realm where the method enters into the non-method. ＂By the aid of known handling type＂ and ＂by the aid of analytic synthesis＂ are two interconnected basic key points or two basic types. The validity of the method depends on the continuation of the method and the final objective. The feasibility of the method depends on the continuation of the method and the status quo and the continuation of various links of the method itself. ff there is not only one valid and feasible method, the strengths and weaknesses of the methods depend on the amount or size of output, side effect and benefits.