住院患者跌倒普防和专科化预防研究及效果

Primordial and Special Prevention of Falls in Inpatients and Its Actual Effect

目的提高住院患者跌倒预防的实效。方法建立住院患者跌倒评估表、预防措施表、宣教单、警示标识和使用流程,共同组成住院患者跌倒普防方案予以临床运用;在普防的基础上结合专科化预防,使预防更具有针对性和实效。结果经过3年的临床研究和实效观察,跌倒普防方案运用与运用前对比,大内科跌倒发生率由每万住院日7.92次,下降到3.52次;普防和专科化预防结合运用与仅用普防对比,全院跌倒发生率由每万住院日4.26次,下降到1.90次;且严重伤害率由70%降到20%。结论跌倒普防是综合性医院预防跌倒的基础工作;结合专科化预防研究和运用使跌倒防范水平更上新台阶;心理因素应成为更高层次的跌倒预防策略。

Objective To improve actual effect of prevention of falls in inpatients. Methods The complete scheme of primordial prevention of inpatients falls was applied in clinical practice after the establishment of assessment scales, preventive measures list, education health table and the warning signs. Comprehensive prevention of inpatients falls was established by a combination of primordial prevention and special prevention and was proved to be more specific and effective in prevention. Results After 3-year clinic study and observation, compared with before when primordial prevention was not used, the incidence of falls every 10 000 hospitalization days decreased from 7.92 times to 3.52 times in medicine department; compared with only primordial prevention, the incidence of falls every 10 000 hospitalization days after using combination of special prevention and primordial prevention decreased from 4.26 times to 1.90 times,severity rate decreased from 70 pecent to 20 pecent,accordingly. Conclusion Primordial prevention of falls is basic work in general hospital; combination of special prevention and primordial prevention has the better preventive effect; psychological factors should be a higher level preventive strategy of falls.