甘肃省干旱地区苹果叶片营养和土壤养分相关性研究

Correlation Analysis on Apple Leaves Nutrition and Soil Nutrient in Arid Area in Gansu Province

为探明秦安县老果园区苹果缺素症病害日益增多和加重的原因,笔者利用营养诊断和相关分析的方法对秦安县28个果园叶片营养元素与其对应土壤养分进行了研究。结果表明:项目区苹果叶片中N、Fe、Zn、Cu4种元素过量,P含量正常,明显存在缺钾、锰等的危机。同时,研究发现苹果叶片营养元素N、P、K、Fe、Mn、Cu、Zn和土壤0～20cm、20～60cm土层对应养分之间存在着很好的相关性;其中叶片N、P、K、Fe、Mn、Zn都与土壤中0～20cm相应的元素呈正相关,Cu呈显著负相关,且品种不同,其叶片营养元素对应的相关土层不同。研究并提出了当地苹果叶片营养元素的适宜值分别为:氮24.3gkg-1,磷1.4gkg-1,钾13.8gkg-1,铁340.2mgkg-1,锰138.0mgkg-1,铜6.04mgkg-1,锌23.9mgkg-1,这对干旱、半干旱山区果树科学合理施肥提供了可靠的依据。

Aiming at discovering the reason why nutrition shortage symptom got more and more serious in the old orchard of Qinan County of China, we studied the contents of nutrient elements in leaves and soils of 28 orchards with the methods of nutrition diagnose and correlation analysis. The results were as follows. In the leaves of apple trees, the contents of nitrogen, iron, zinc and copper were excessive, phosphor normal, and potassium and manganese were deficient in evidence. Meanwhile, there was a good correlation between the nutrient contents of nitrogen, phosphor, potassium, iron, manganese, copper and zinc in the leaves and those in the soil layers of 0-20em, 20-60cm. Furthermore, the contents of nitrogen, phosphor, potassium, iron, manganese and zinc in the leaves positively correlated with those in the soil layer of 0-20em, and negatively correlated for Copper. As the cuhivars changed, its corresponding soil layers would be different. It was brought forward the optimal value of nutrients in the leaves of apple trees in the local areas as follows： the content of nitrogen was 24.3g kg^-1, phosphor 1.4g kg^-1, potassium 13.8g kg^-1, iron 1.4mg kg^-1, manganese 138.0mg kg^-1, copper 6.04mg kg^-1, and zinc 23.9mg kg^-1. These all would provide credible gist for fertilization of fruit trees in arid and semi-arid mountain areas.