从“特权”到“财产权”:专利权之起源探微

From "Privilege" to "Property Right": A Perspective of the Origin of Patent Right

中世纪后期欧洲各国都曾利用垄断性的专利,激励新技术或产业的引进和开发。15世纪前后的威尼斯和1623年英国《垄断法》等立法和一些经典案例,使合法的专利垄断被限于新发明。但孕育现代专利法诸多元素和思想意识的英国,没有最早实现专利从特权到财产权的转化。美国吸收英国专利制度成果并根据自身需要,最先实现了这一飞跃。

In Europe in the late Middle Ages, countries expolited monopolied patent to stipulate the introduction and development of new technology or industry. The legislation and topical cases before and after the 15th century Venice and the United Kingdom in 1623, the legal monopoly of a patent has been limited to new inventions. However, the United Kingdom, the birth of modem patent law in many olements and ideology, is not the first to realize from the patent privileges to the transformation of property rights. The United States of America absorbed the attainments of patent system of the UK and completed the leap pursuantly to her own needs.