明中叶朱子学与阳明心学的对峙

The Confrontation of ZHU XUE and WANG XUE during the Middle Age of Ming Dynasty

明中叶以后是阳明心学风行天下的时期,面对王学的冲击,朱学阵营不得不作出反应。一方面,程朱派学者对王门心学进行了不遗余力的反击,主要围绕三个问题展开:心即理;致良知;知行合一。另一方面,朱学各派在理气论、心性论、格物论等理论问题上提出一些有别于朱熹的看法,这些理论探讨对于此后的学术发展都产生了一定的影响。理气论、心性论、格物论的修正分别体现了理学从超越追求到现实关怀、从崇德向重情、从修身到经世的转向。

The middle age of Ming dynasty is the period that WANG XUE spreaded widely. Confronted with the shock of WANG XUE, the group of ZHU XUE had to respond to it. On the one hand, scholars of ZHU XUE had done their best to make a counter - attack on WANG XUE, they focused mainly on three issues ： XIN is LI ; ZHI LIANG ZHI ; ZHI is XING. On the other hand, many dif- ferent views on LI QI Theory, XIN XING Theory, GE WU Theory and so on had been advanced during this period by scholars of ZHg XUE, which are different from ZHU XI, and these theories had a definite impact on the academic development of the subsequent age. The revisions of LI QI Theory, XIN XING Theory, GE WU Theory reflected the tendency from surpassing pursuit to realistic care.